Environment

"Capitalist production, therefore, develops technology, and the combining together of various processes into a social whole, only by sapping the original sources of all wealth — the soil and the labourer." (Karl Marx Capital, Vol. I).

Note: This is a collection of the most important contributions on different environmental issues available on the Marxists Internet Archive. In addition to them, other works on this issue can also be found in our archive.

Marx and Engels on Environment, 1844-1894

William Morris News From Nowhere (a novel), 1890

Eugene V. Debs Man and Mule, 1906

Anton Pannekoek The Destruction of Nature, 1909

Nikolai Bukharin The Equilibrium between Society and Nature, 1921

Gus Hall Ecology: Can We Survive Under Capitalism?, 1972

Ecology for the People, Science for the People, 1973

Gunnar Skirbekk Ecology and Marxism, 1973

Mikhail Gorbachev Address to the participants in the Global Forum on Environment and Development for Survival, 1990

Lawrence Wilde ‘The creatures, too, must become free’: Marx and the Animal/Human Distinction, 2000

John Bellamy Foster Marx’s ecology in historical perspective, 2002

Neil Faulkner How War and Climate Change Are Wired To the Same Engine Destroying the Planet, 2015